Malaria+in+children+and+the+management+of+Sinusitis



===sinusitis and malaria: are diseases that can affect the health, development and children's crecimento ===

**Management of Sinusitis **

• ** ABSTRACT. ** This clinical practice guideline formulates recommendations for health care providers regarding the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of children, ages 1 to 21 years, with uncomplicated acute, subacute, and recurrent acute bacterial sinusitis. **summary**

• BACKGROUND:The ethmoidand the maxillary sinuses form in the third to fourth gestational month and, accordingly, are present at birth. The sphenoid sinuses are generally pneumatizedby 5 years of age; the frontal sinuses appear at age 7 to 8 years but are not completely developed until late adolescence. The paranasalsinuses are a common site of infection in children and adolescents.1 These infections are important as a cause of frequent morbidity and rarely may result in life-threatening complications. It may be difficult to distinguish children with uncomplicated viral upper respiratory infections or adenoiditis from those with an episode of acute bacterial sinusitis.2 Most viral infections of the upper respiratory tract involve the nose and the paranasal sinuses (viral rhinosinusitis).3 However, bacterial infections of the paranasal sinuses do not usually involve the nose

** Malaria in children **


The past decade has seen an unprecedented surge in political commitment and international funding for malaria control. Coverage with existing control methods (ie, vector control and artemisinin-based combination therapy) is increasing, and, in some Asian and African countries, childhood morbidity and mortality from malaria caused by //Plasmodium falciparum// are starting to decline. Consequently, there is now renewed interest in the possibility of malaria elimination. But the ability of the parasite to develop resistance to antimalarial drugs and increasing insecticide resistance of the vector threaten to reduce and even reverse current gains. //Plasmodium vivax//, with its dormant liver stage, will be particularly diffi cult to eliminate, and access to eff ective and aff ordable treatment at community level is a key challenge. Despite substantial advances in treatment and prevention,over the past decade, malaria still threatens the lives of millions of children in tropical countries. The symptoms of malaria are non-specifi c and parasitological diagnosis uncommon, making precise calculation of disease burden diffi cult and causing both overtreatment with antimalarial drugs and undertreatment of non-malarial causes of fever.

** characters ** // : Plasmodium falciparum //

//Plasmodium vivax // , **Reference**: PEDIATRICS Vol. 108 No. 3 September 2001

Jane Crawley, Cindy Chu, George Mtove, François Nosten,See Editorial page 1407 Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK (J Crawley MD); Mahidol–Oxford University Tropical Medicine Research Programme,